Stdlib math

The math module provides mathematical functions and constants for performing various calculations.

Constants

  • e: Euler's number (approximately 2.71828).
  • pi: The mathematical constant pi (approximately 3.14159).
  • phi: The golden ratio (approximately 1.61803).
  • sqrt2: The square root of 2 (approximately 1.41421).
  • sqrtE: The square root of Euler's number.
  • sqrtPi: The square root of pi.
  • sqrtPhi: The square root of the golden ratio.
  • ln2: The natural logarithm of 2.
  • log2E: The base-2 logarithm of Euler's number.
  • ln10: The natural logarithm of 10.
  • log10E: The base-10 logarithm of Euler's number.

Functions

The following functions are available for performing mathematical operations:

  • abs(x): Returns the absolute value of x.
  • acos(x): Returns the arccosine of x in radians.
  • acosh(x): Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.
  • asin(x): Returns the arcsine of x in radians.
  • asinh(x): Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.
  • atan(x): Returns the arctangent of x in radians.
  • atan2(y, x): Returns the arctangent of y/x in radians, using the signs of both parameters to determine the quadrant of the result.
  • atanh(x): Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.
  • cbrt(x): Returns the cube root of x.
  • ceil(x): Returns the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x.
  • copysign(x, y): Returns x with the sign of y.
  • cos(x): Returns the cosine of x (x is in radians).
  • cosh(x): Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
  • dim(x, y): Returns the maximum of x and y.
  • erf(x): Returns the error function of x.
  • erfc(x): Returns the complementary error function of x.
  • exp(x): Returns e^x, where e is Euler's number.
  • exp2(x): Returns 2 raised to the power of x.
  • expm1(x): Returns e^x - 1.
  • floor(x): Returns the largest integer value less than or equal to x.
  • gamma(x): Returns the gamma function of x.
  • hypot(x, y): Returns sqrt(x^2 + y^2) without intermediate overflow or underflow.
  • ilogb(x): Returns the exponent of the radix representation of x.
  • inf(sign): Returns positive infinity if sign is positive, negative infinity if sign is negative.
  • is_inf(x, sign): Reports whether x is positive infinity or negative infinity.
  • is_nan(x): Reports whether x is NaN (not a number).
  • j0(x): Returns the order-zero Bessel function of the first kind.
  • j1(x): Returns the order-one Bessel function of the first kind.
  • jn(n, x): Returns the nth order Bessel function of the first kind.
  • ldexp(frac, exp): Returns frac × 2**exp.
  • log(x): Returns the natural logarithm of x.
  • log10(x): Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
  • log1p(x): Returns the natural logarithm of 1 plus x.
  • log2(x): Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
  • logb(x): Returns the unbiased exponent of x in the IEEE 754 floating-point representation.
  • max(x, y): Returns the larger of x or y.
  • min(x, y): Returns the smaller of x or y.
  • mod(x, y): Returns the floating-point remainder of x/y.
  • nan(s): Returns an IEEE 754 "not-a-number" value.
  • nextafter(x, y): Returns the next representable float value after x towards y.
  • pow(x, y): Returns x**y, the base-x exponential of y.
  • pow10(n): Returns 10**n.
  • remainder(x, y): Returns the IEEE 754 floating-point remainder of x/y.
  • signbit(x): Reports whether x is negative or negative zero.
  • sin(x): Returns the sine of x (x is in radians).
  • sinh(x): Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.
  • sqrt(x): Returns the square root of x.
  • tan(x): Returns the tangent of x (x is in radians).
  • tanh(x): Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.
  • trunc(x): Returns the integer value of x truncated towards zero.
  • y0(x): Returns the order-zero Bessel function of the second kind.
  • y1(x): Returns the order-one Bessel function of the second kind.
  • yn(n, x): Returns the nth order Bessel function of the second kind.